Metallurgy and all the information you did not know.

Metallurgical industry concept

Metallurgy is a large, complex and young industry in our country, this is the field of science and technology and the industry of preparing metals from ores or from other materials. Vietnam is currently among the 10 countries rich in mineral resources, but most of them have not been fully explored and surveyed. In which, the ferrous metallurgy industry of our country tends to develop strongly because of exploiting more from iron ore mines and developing the import of raw materials from developing countries.

Since ancient times metallurgy has been called (copper smelting), and from the middle of the 2nd millennium BC to the present, there has been iron ore smelting; At present, the technologies for processing alloys and the process of machining metal workpieces by pressure. By changing the chemical composition as well as the structure to create properties suitable for their use requirements.

The process of refining to give the metals the highest purity, and then blending between those metals to have alloys that meet the desired requirements. And then shape them to fit the needs of the investors. This process is called metallurgical technology, alloying technology, refining technology, rolling technology, casting technology..

Metallurgical processes

Metallurgical process includes the following processes:

Step 1: Processing raw ore (including crushing, selection, briquetting, pelletizing to prepare for metal separation from ore); Ore is "baked" (packed into large blocks) to increase durability and get the right size for the smelting process in the furnace;
Step 2: Separate the metal from the ore and all materials;
Step 3: Metal cleaning and (refining);
Step 4: Production of metals and alloys;
Step 5: Producing clean metal powders and carbide atoms to serve the manufacturing processes of composite materials (also known as composites) with special mechanical properties superior to those of other metals. types, and common alloys.
Step 6: Then, at the furnace, workers make ferros (or silicomanganese..) and intermediate alloys to serve metallurgy.
Step 7: Product molding, this is a casting process that solidifies liquid metal in molds (metal molds, sand molds, continuous casting molds ..) some casting products can now be used. or create blanks for processing other deformations (rolling, forging, etc.)
Step 8: Then the workpiece will go through the process of "Rolling". This is the process of deforming the ductile metal billet, between the two rotating axes. Products will have simple geometry (circle, stripe, square, diamond ..) to complex (rails, U I ...)
Step 9: Move to the Heat treatment process including: Heating, keeping heat and cooling process. Depending on the heating method of each engineer, the way of heat preservation and different cooling, we have the stages of "I" "Ram" and "Annealing" which are the main key principles of heat treatment. There are also "permeation" processes to achieve the required surface strength. Most mechanically processed products cannot be used immediately without heat treatment.
Step 10: Thermal processing and thermomechanical process for metal;
Step 11: Coating the surface of the metal product so that it can protect or decorate and diffuse other metals or non-metals and on the surface of the product.

Types of metallurgy

Currently, on the market, there are two main types of metallurgy, which are pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy.
• “Fire smelting” is the process of reducing metals in an environment with strong oxidizing agents such as C, H2, etc. The conversion reaction usually gives off a lot of heat, so people call this “reconstruction” method “fire”. training".

• “Hydrometallurgy” is the process of reducing metals in an environment with effects from chemicals or in an electrolytic environment (usually molten electrolysis or electrolysis in a high temperature environment).